Planning guides
Insights
Plain answers, before you commit.

Every site has a case
Before a line is drawn we read the whole site: the constraints, the context, and where the commercial upside sits.
Our method →How a scheme takes shape







BNG from day one
We factor it into feasibility at the start, so a scheme is priced for it rather than caught out by it.
How BNG works →Getting started
What does an architect do?
An architect takes a project from first idea to finished building.
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That runs across the RIBA stages: feasibility and brief, concept and detailed design, planning, Building Regulations, tendering and administering the contract on site.
I need an architect. How do I start?
Start with an ARB-registered practice, a rough brief and a budget range.
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Architect is a title protected by law, so check the register first. Have the site address, what you want to achieve and a realistic budget ready before the first conversation.
What does an architect cost?
Fees are usually set by work stage and site complexity, not a flat percentage.
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We quote a fee for a defined scope, agreed in writing before any work begins, on a basis set per job. Fees are staged, so you only ever commit to the next decision point.
How long does planning permission take?
Eight weeks for a householder or minor application, thirteen for major development.
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Those are statutory floors, counted from the day the application is complete rather than the day you submit it. Extensions of time are routine, and the date that matters is the decision notice, not the committee.
What does RIBA Chartered mean?
It means a practice meets RIBA standards on conduct, CPD, quality and insurance.
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ARB registration is the legal baseline needed to use the title. RIBA Chartered sits above it as a recognised quality mark, and both are worth checking before you appoint anyone.
Do I need permission for an extension?
Often not. Many extensions are permitted development and need no application at all.
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What removes that right is the house itself: a flat, a listed building, a conservation area, an earlier extension that used the allowance up, or a condition on the original permission. Where the right survives, the limits are dimensional and exact.
Does a loft conversion need permission?
Usually not. Most conversions are permitted development and need no application at all.
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Four things remove that right: breaking the plane of the roof slope that fronts a highway, exceeding the 40 or 50 cubic metre allowance, sitting on protected land, or being a flat. Building Regulations apply either way.
How high can a fence or wall be?
One metre next to a road used by vehicles, two metres everywhere else.
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Both limits are measured above ground level, and from the higher side where the ground differs. A listed building removes the right altogether, whatever the height.
Can I knock a house down and rebuild it?
Usually, but never under permitted development. A replacement always needs planning permission.
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Householder rights attach to a house that already exists, and a replacement is a new one. What decides most cases is size against the original building, and what could lawfully be built on the plot without asking anyone.
What does a conservation area restrict?
Less than most people expect, and it is not the same thing as being listed.
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Designation withdraws some permitted development rights, brings demolition and trees under control, and places a statutory duty on the council. On an unlisted building it says nothing at all about the inside.
Planning routes
What is Class Q?
A permitted-development right that turns an agricultural building into a home through prior approval.
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It is the main route for a redundant barn. Prior approval is not automatic: the building has to be structurally sound, its agricultural use documented, and the works must stay within what Class Q allows.
Can I build on the Green Belt?
Sometimes: replacement, limited infill, or very special circumstances.
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The route depends on openness, the site's planning history and what already stands there. Replacement dwellings are the most reliable path, and one we have taken through to consent.
What is Paragraph 84?
A route in the NPPF for a truly outstanding new home in the countryside.
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Paragraph 84 sets the bar at exceptional design quality, tested through design review. We design and pursue these, and say early whether a site can carry the argument.
Refused. Is it worth appealing?
Often worth it. An appeal succeeds when the reasons for refusal can be answered with evidence.
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Sometimes a revised application is the faster route. We read the refusal, give a straight view on which way to go, and the record includes schemes won at appeal.
Do I need listed building consent?
If the work affects the building's special interest, yes, inside or out.
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It is separate from planning permission and often runs alongside it. Listing covers the interior, anything attached, and separate structures standing before July 1948. Doing the work without consent is a criminal offence.
Can I change a permission I have?
Yes. Three routes carry a change, and picking the wrong one costs months.
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A non-material amendment handles the small stuff. Section 73 varies a condition and creates a new permission with its own clock. Anything that changes the description of development needs a fresh application.
Do I need permission to convert a garage?
Often not, if the work is internal and your permitted development rights still stand.
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Those rights can be removed by an Article 4 direction, a planning condition or listed status. Building Regulations nearly always apply even where planning permission does not.
Do I have to discharge conditions before I start?
Yes, if any of them is pre-commencement. Start without and the development itself is unlawful.
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A council has eight weeks to decide a discharge application, and a fee is payable per request. Where a condition cannot be met as drafted, the route is not to ignore it but to vary it.
Does a change of use need permission?
Only when the change is material. A great deal of movement between uses is not development at all.
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Since September 2020 shops, offices, cafes, gyms, clinics and nurseries have all sat in one class, so moving between them needs nothing. Uses outside the classes have no such freedom and need a full application every time.
Does my sign need consent?
Signs have their own consent system, and many are covered automatically without an application.
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Where express consent is needed, a council may judge it on two things only: amenity and public safety. It cannot condition what the sign says. Displaying one without consent is a criminal offence rather than a breach.
For developers and landowners
Why do development sites fail?
Most fail on principle, not detail: policy, access, heritage or an unresolved constraint.
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A refusal on principle is a different problem from a refusal on details, and it needs a different fix. Knowing which one you are holding is the first question worth answering.
What should I check before buying land?
The planning history, the policy position and the constraints, before you commit.
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A site can look developable and still carry a constraint that removes most of its value. Those checks are quick, set against what they save.
Could my land be developed?
It depends on policy, access, constraints and what the site can physically carry.
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Answering it takes a look at the local plan position and at the site itself. We give you that read before anyone spends money on it.
How many flats can I build?
The site decides it: daylight, outlook, privacy, amenity space, access and parking.
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The count that survives is almost always smaller than the one that fits on the drawing. Testing what erodes it before the massing is fixed is what protects the number you took to the land deal.
What is biodiversity net gain?
A mandatory 10% uplift in biodiversity for most new development in England.
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It is secured and maintained for at least 30 years under the Environment Act 2021. We factor it into feasibility at the start, so a scheme is priced for it rather than caught out by it.
Will protected species hold my site up?
Rarely a refusal, often a delay. The survey season is what moves the programme.
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The first roost assessment can be done any month of the year. The emergence surveys that follow it run May to August, and Natural England normally expects two, so a missed window can cost a season.
What does my flood zone allow?
The zone sets the test, and it is decided by where the site is before anything is drawn.
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A site in zone 2 or 3 needs its own flood risk assessment, a sequential test, and sometimes an exception test on top. Drainage is settled later by condition, and that is the half that delays a start.
Can employment land become housing?
Where you can show continued employment use has no realistic prospect, yes.
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Councils want genuine marketing evidence over a set period and an independent viability appraisal. The tests come from the local plan and the council's own validation checklist.
What makes a brownfield site build?
A permission settles the principle. It does not settle the ground.
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Contamination, services crossing the site, levels and the cost of clearing what stands are what decide whether a consented brownfield scheme is deliverable, and they are usually found after the consent rather than before it.
Should I apply in outline or in full?
Outline settles the principle and reserves the detail. Full settles both, and costs more up front.
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An outline permission does less than people assume: parameter plans bind you, and conditions on the outline can constrain the reserved matters. Two clocks then run, three years to apply and two from approval to begin.
Can I build homes on a pub site?
Often yes, and usually without closing the pub. The homes are frequently in the car park or the garden.
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A pub is sui generis, so every change of use needs an application. An asset of community value listing does less than owners fear, but councils expect real marketing evidence before they accept a pub is finished.